{"id":7219,"date":"2026-09-30T15:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-30T15:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bioprofile.com\/?page_id=7219"},"modified":"2026-10-01T08:50:54","modified_gmt":"2026-10-01T08:50:54","slug":"hemoglobin","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/bioprofile.com\/en\/biomarkers\/hemoglobin\/","title":{"rendered":"Hemoglobin"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"content\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/div>\n<style>@import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Poppins:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;0,800;1,400&display=swap');\n\/* ===========================================================================\n   BioProfile advertorial, the design Jesse approved on 2026-07-30, expressed\n   as a WordPress design system.\n\n   THE @import IS LOAD BEARING and must stay the first thing in this sheet (a\n   CSS @import after any rule is dropped by the parser). elementor_canvas does\n   not enqueue the theme's fonts, so without it the whole page falls back to the\n   system font. Caught by LOOKING at the live page on 2026-07-30, right after\n   the template was switched to canvas.\n\n   Everything is scoped to `.bp-adv`, so nothing here can reach the rest of\n   bioprofile.com, and core blocks are styled BY ELEMENT so a heading, a\n   paragraph, a quote, a list, an image or a button inserted by hand inside the\n   advertorial comes out on-design with no class to remember.\n\n   Jesse's design feedback, 2026-07-29 23:38, point by point:\n   1. the light green and the dark green are the preferred colours; grey may be\n      used but the page must NOT open grey;\n   2. more colour and variation across sections, e.g. a colour block on the left\n      or the right side of a section, without overdesign;\n   3. ONE H1, plain text on white; everything else H2 or H3; an H2 may carry its\n      own background colour so the page can be read from the headings alone; an\n      H3 keeps its section background and gets a bigger font size;\n   4. reuse the results page design feel;\n   5. Written by \/ Verified by, the placeholder blocks and noindex stay.\n\n   COLOUR PROVENANCE. Not one hex is invented.\n   - #b7cb32  LIGHT GREEN, brand manual \"colours rejuvenation protocol\"\n              (R183 G203 B51). Same value as --bp-lime in\n              brands\/bioprofile\/brand\/tokens.md.\n   - #006b62  DARK GREEN, brand manual, nourish the cells (R0 G107 B98).\n   - #005859  brand manual primary teal, the value the brand is built on.\n   - #228a62  brand manual, challenge the body (R34 G138 B98).\n   - #7ca64c  brand manual, calm the mind (R124 G166 B76).\n   - #dbd4cd  brand manual \"additional color\", the warm neutral.\n   - #B7CB3329 is the brand token --bp-lime-soft (light green at 16 percent).\n   - the gradients are the brand token layer's own, copied verbatim.\n\n   SPECIFICITY NOTE. Elementor's global kit emits `.elementor-kit-6 h2` style\n   rules at (0,1,1). Element rules below are written `.bp-adv h2`, also (0,1,1),\n   and win on source order because this sheet is inline in the body while the\n   kit is a <link> in the head. Component rules that MUST NOT lose carry two\n   classes, e.g. `.bp-adv .wp-block-button__link`.\n\n   LAYOUT NOTE. Vertical rhythm uses `margin-block` and never the `margin`\n   shorthand, so the measure rule `.bp-adv-sec > * { margin-inline: auto }` can\n   centre a block without being outranked by its own element rule.\n   =========================================================================== *\/\n\n.bp-adv {\n  --bp-ink: #212527;\n  --bp-teal: #005859;\n  --bp-forest: #006B62;\n  --bp-emerald: #228A62;\n  --bp-olive: #7CA64C;\n  --bp-lime: #B7CB33;\n  --bp-lime-soft: #B7CB3329;\n  --bp-sand: #DBD4CB;\n  --bp-white: #FFFFFF;\n  --bp-foot: #6b6b6b;\n  --bp-grad-dark: linear-gradient(237deg, rgba(0,88,89,0.00) 62.94%, #005859 100%), linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(34,138,98,0.00) 40%, #228A62 100%), #006B62;\n  --bp-grad-lime: linear-gradient(110deg, rgba(183,203,51,0.00) 36.06%, rgba(183,203,51,0.25) 97.65%), #FFFFFF;\n  --bp-font: 'Poppins','Segoe UI',Arial,sans-serif;\n  --bp-fs-h1: 44px; --bp-fs-h2: 31px; --bp-fs-h3: 24px; --bp-fs-pre: 15px;\n  --bp-fs-body: 17px; --bp-fs-small: 14px; --bp-fs-foot: 13px; --bp-fs-btn: 17px;\n  --bp-lh-body: 1.75;\n  --bp-s-1: 4px; --bp-s-2: 8px; --bp-s-3: 12px; --bp-s-4: 16px;\n  --bp-s-5: 24px; --bp-s-6: 32px; --bp-s-7: 44px; --bp-s-8: 72px;\n  --bp-measure: 760px; --bp-side: 40px;\n  --bp-radius-photo: 16px; --bp-radius-btn: 10px; --bp-radius-card: 20px;\n  --bp-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0,88,89,0.10);\n  font-family: var(--bp-font);\n  font-size: var(--bp-fs-body);\n  line-height: var(--bp-lh-body);\n  color: var(--bp-ink);\n  background: var(--bp-white);\n  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;\n}\n.bp-adv, .bp-adv * { box-sizing: border-box; }\n.bp-adv p, .bp-adv li, .bp-adv h1, .bp-adv h2, .bp-adv h3, .bp-adv blockquote,\n.bp-adv a, .bp-adv cite, .bp-adv span { overflow-wrap: break-word; min-width: 0; }\n\n\/* THE TOGGLE. One word in the block's own \"Additional CSS class(es)\" field\n   hides an optional component on the front end without deleting anything. *\/\n.bp-adv .bp-off { display: none !important; }\n\n\/* the page opens on green, never on grey (his point 1) *\/\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-rule {\n  height: 6px; border: 0; margin-block: 0; max-width: none;\n  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #005859 0%, #006B62 38%, #228A62 66%, #B7CB33 100%);\n}\n\n\/* --- section surfaces ------------------------------------------------------ *\/\n.bp-adv-sec { position: relative; background: var(--bp-white);\n  padding: var(--bp-s-8) var(--bp-side); margin-block: 0; }\n\/* the measure: every direct child of a section is the 760px text column *\/\n.bp-adv-sec > * { max-width: var(--bp-measure); margin-inline: auto; }\n.bp-adv-sec > *:last-child { margin-block-end: 0; }\n.bp-adv-sec--wash  { background: linear-gradient(180deg, #B7CB331F 0%, #B7CB3312 100%), #FFFFFF; }\n.bp-adv-sec--dark  { background: var(--bp-grad-dark); color: var(--bp-white); }\n.bp-adv-sec--dark p, .bp-adv-sec--dark cite, .bp-adv-sec--dark li { color: var(--bp-white); }\n.bp-adv-sec--offer { background: var(--bp-grad-lime); text-align: center; }\n.bp-adv-sec--hero  { padding-block-start: var(--bp-s-6); }\n.bp-adv-sec--disclosure { padding-block: var(--bp-s-6);\n  border-top: 1px solid var(--bp-sand); }\n\n\/* --- the side accent bar, his own example (\"a colour block on the left or the\n       right side of a section\"), design rev 3: a slim vertical bar hugging the\n       text column rather than a wide margin panel. Below 1100px the margin is\n       gone, so it becomes a slim top edge. ---------------------------------- *\/\n.bp-adv-rail { overflow: hidden; }\n.bp-adv-rail::before {\n  content: \"\"; position: absolute; top: var(--bp-s-7); bottom: var(--bp-s-7);\n  width: 6px; border-radius: 3px;\n  background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--bp-forest) 0%, var(--bp-lime) 100%);\n}\n.bp-adv-rail--left::before  { left: calc((100% - var(--bp-measure)) \/ 2 - 34px); }\n.bp-adv-rail--right::before { right: calc((100% - var(--bp-measure)) \/ 2 - 34px); }\n@media (max-width: 1099px) {\n  .bp-adv-rail::before { left: 0; right: 0; width: auto; bottom: auto; top: 0;\n    height: 4px; border-radius: 0; background: var(--bp-lime); }\n}\n\n\/* --- CORE BLOCKS, styled by element. This is the part that makes an inserted\n       block come out on-design with no class. --------------------------------- *\/\n.bp-adv p { font-size: var(--bp-fs-body); line-height: var(--bp-lh-body);\n  margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-5); }\n.bp-adv h1 { font-size: var(--bp-fs-h1); font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.22;\n  margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-4); }\n\/* an H2 is its own colour band, so the page can be read from the headings\n   alone (his point 3). Dark green on light sections, light green on the dark\n   one, so a heading always wins against its own background. *\/\n.bp-adv h2 {\n  font-size: var(--bp-fs-h2); font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.28;\n  margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-5);\n  background: var(--bp-grad-dark); color: var(--bp-white);\n  padding: var(--bp-s-4) var(--bp-s-5);\n  border-radius: var(--bp-radius-btn);\n  border-left: 6px solid var(--bp-lime);\n}\n.bp-adv-sec--dark h2 { background: var(--bp-lime); color: var(--bp-ink);\n  border-left-color: var(--bp-forest); }\n\/* H3: same background as its section, bigger font (his point 3, verbatim) *\/\n.bp-adv h3 { font-size: var(--bp-fs-h3); font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.35;\n  color: var(--bp-forest); background: transparent; margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-3); }\n.bp-adv-sec--dark h3 { color: var(--bp-lime); }\n.bp-adv ul, .bp-adv ol { font-size: var(--bp-fs-body); line-height: var(--bp-lh-body);\n  margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-5); padding-left: var(--bp-s-5); }\n.bp-adv li { margin-block-end: var(--bp-s-2); }\n.bp-adv a { color: var(--bp-teal); text-decoration: underline; }\n.bp-adv a:hover { color: var(--bp-olive); }\n.bp-adv-sec--dark a, .bp-adv-sec--dark strong { color: var(--bp-lime); }\n.bp-adv strong { font-weight: 700; }\n\/* the highlight pill. Colours ride on the inline style core writes, so only\n   the shape lives here and any <mark> in the article picks it up. *\/\n.bp-adv mark {\n  padding: 0 10px; border-radius: 10px; display: inline;\n  -webkit-box-decoration-break: clone; box-decoration-break: clone;\n}\n\/* figures match the approved page exactly: card radius plus the soft shadow,\n   and a left-aligned caption rather than core's centred one *\/\n.bp-adv .wp-block-image { margin-block: var(--bp-s-5); margin-inline: auto; }\n.bp-adv .wp-block-image img { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto;\n  border-radius: var(--bp-radius-card); box-shadow: var(--bp-shadow); }\n.bp-adv .wp-block-image figcaption { font-size: var(--bp-fs-foot); line-height: 1.55;\n  color: var(--bp-foot); text-align: left; margin-block: var(--bp-s-2) 0; }\n.bp-adv .wp-block-embed, .bp-adv .wp-block-video { margin-block: var(--bp-s-5); }\n.bp-adv .wp-block-embed iframe, .bp-adv .wp-block-video video {\n  width: 100%; border-radius: var(--bp-radius-photo); }\n.bp-adv .wp-block-separator:not(.bp-adv-rule) { border: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--bp-sand);\n  margin-block: var(--bp-s-5); }\n\n\/* quotes: core pullquote and core quote both land on the lime rule. The\n   font-size reset undoes core's own 1.5em on the figure, which would otherwise\n   leak into anything inside the quote that has no size of its own. *\/\n\/* margin-inline is load bearing, and it must be `auto` rather than `0`.\n   `blockquote` and `figure` carry a 40px side margin in the browser's own\n   default stylesheet, which indents the quote inside its rule and makes the\n   copy wrap early on a phone. But these blocks are direct children of a\n   section, so zeroing the side margin also defeats the measure rule\n   `.bp-adv-sec > * { margin-inline: auto }` and pins them to the left edge. *\/\n.bp-adv .wp-block-pullquote, .bp-adv .wp-block-quote {\n  border: 0; border-left: 5px solid var(--bp-lime); background: transparent;\n  padding: var(--bp-s-2) 0 var(--bp-s-2) var(--bp-s-5);\n  margin-block: var(--bp-s-5); margin-inline: auto;\n  text-align: left; font-size: var(--bp-fs-body);\n}\n.bp-adv .wp-block-pullquote blockquote { border: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0; }\n.bp-adv .wp-block-pullquote p, .bp-adv .wp-block-quote p {\n  font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.45; font-weight: 600;\n  margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-2); color: var(--bp-forest); }\n.bp-adv .wp-block-pullquote cite, .bp-adv .wp-block-quote cite {\n  display: block; margin: 0; font-size: var(--bp-fs-small); color: var(--bp-foot);\n  font-style: normal; text-transform: none; }\n\n\/* buttons: two classes so core's own .wp-block-button__link cannot win *\/\n.bp-adv .wp-block-buttons { display: flex; justify-content: center;\n  margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-4); }\n.bp-adv .wp-block-button__link {\n  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; min-height: 48px;\n  background: var(--bp-teal); color: var(--bp-white); font-size: var(--bp-fs-btn);\n  font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.2; border-radius: var(--bp-radius-btn);\n  padding: 15px 44px; text-decoration: none; transition: background 250ms ease;\n  box-shadow: var(--bp-shadow);\n}\n.bp-adv .wp-block-button__link:hover { background: var(--bp-olive); color: var(--bp-white); }\n\n\/* --- slot 1: pre-headline, headline, sub-headline (Jesse's headline skill) --- *\/\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-preheadline {\n  color: var(--bp-forest); font-size: var(--bp-fs-pre); font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.5;\n  border-left: 4px solid var(--bp-lime); padding-left: var(--bp-s-3);\n  margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-4);\n}\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-subheadline { font-size: 21px; line-height: 1.5; font-weight: 600;\n  color: var(--bp-forest); margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-5); }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-standfirst { font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.65;\n  margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-5); }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-lede { font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.7;\n  margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-5); }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-byline { font-size: var(--bp-fs-small); color: var(--bp-foot);\n  line-height: 1.6; margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-5); }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-socialproof { font-size: var(--bp-fs-small); color: var(--bp-foot);\n  margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-5); }\n\/* the offer headline above the CTA. Jesse asked for a second H1 here; the brand\n   doc's accessibility rule is one h1 per page, so it is rendered at H1 size and\n   stays an h2 element. Named in the close as the one design conflict. *\/\n.bp-adv h2.bp-adv-offerhead {\n  font-size: var(--bp-fs-h1); font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.22;\n  margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-4); text-align: center; color: var(--bp-ink);\n  background: none; padding: 0; border: 0; border-radius: 0;\n}\n\n\/* --- Written by + Verified by. The avatar is the first child and spans the\n       three text rows, so the whole box is four ordinary paragraphs and stays\n       editable without nested columns. ---------------------------------------- *\/\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-authors {\n  background: var(--bp-white); border: 1px solid var(--bp-sand);\n  border-top: 4px solid var(--bp-lime); border-radius: var(--bp-radius-card);\n  box-shadow: var(--bp-shadow); padding: var(--bp-s-5);\n  margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-4);\n  \/* auto-fit, so switching the verified box off leaves one full-width author\n     rather than a half-empty card *\/\n  display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));\n  gap: var(--bp-s-5); align-items: start;\n}\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-author {\n  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 62px 1fr; gap: 0 var(--bp-s-3);\n  align-items: start; min-width: 0;\n}\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-avatar {\n  grid-row: 1 \/ span 3; width: 62px; height: 62px; border-radius: 50%;\n  background: #B7CB331F; border: 2px dashed var(--bp-olive);\n  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;\n  font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.06em; color: var(--bp-forest);\n  margin-block: 0;\n}\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-author.is-placeholder .bp-adv-avatar {\n  border-color: var(--bp-sand); background: #fff; color: var(--bp-foot); }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-author-role {\n  font-size: 11px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase;\n  color: var(--bp-forest); line-height: 1.6; margin-block: 0; }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-author.is-placeholder .bp-adv-author-role { color: var(--bp-foot); }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-author-name { font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.35;\n  margin-block: 0; }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-author-cred { font-size: var(--bp-fs-foot); color: var(--bp-foot);\n  line-height: 1.55; margin-block: 0; }\n\/* the optional wrapper must not break the two-column grid of the box *\/\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-authors > .bp-optional { display: contents; }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-authors > .bp-optional.bp-off { display: none !important; }\n\n\/* --- placeholders: image slot, video slot ---------------------------------- *\/\n.bp-adv .bp-slot {\n  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; text-align: center;\n  min-height: 180px; padding: var(--bp-s-4); margin-block: var(--bp-s-5) 0;\n  border: 2px dashed var(--bp-olive); border-radius: var(--bp-radius-photo);\n  background: #B7CB331F; color: var(--bp-forest);\n}\n.bp-adv .bp-slot p { font-size: var(--bp-fs-small); font-weight: 700; margin-block: 0; }\n.bp-adv .bp-slot--video { min-height: 260px; }\n\n\/* --- mid-article CTA band --------------------------------------------------- *\/\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-midcta {\n  background: var(--bp-grad-lime); border: 1px solid var(--bp-lime);\n  border-radius: var(--bp-radius-card); padding: var(--bp-s-5) var(--bp-s-4);\n  margin-block: var(--bp-s-6); text-align: center;\n}\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-midcta .wp-block-buttons { margin-block-end: var(--bp-s-2); }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-midcta .bp-adv-foot { margin-block: 0; }\n\n\/* the closing CTA is one named unit in List View, so it moves and toggles as a\n   whole. It carries no box of its own: the spacing must read exactly as it does\n   on the approved page, where the three parts are plain siblings. *\/\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-ctablock { margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-5); }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-ctablock .wp-block-buttons { margin-block-end: var(--bp-s-4); }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-ctablock .bp-adv-foot { margin-block: 0; }\n\n\/* --- the condition, slot 8: the results page reference-card shape ----------- *\/\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-condition {\n  background: var(--bp-white); border: 1px solid var(--bp-sand);\n  border-left: 5px solid var(--bp-lime); border-radius: var(--bp-radius-btn);\n  padding: var(--bp-s-4) var(--bp-s-5); font-weight: 600; box-shadow: var(--bp-shadow);\n}\n\n\/* --- the numbers card: the results page focus panel, same gradient, same\n       radius, same lime figures (\"use more of that design\") ------------------ *\/\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-numcard {\n  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--bp-teal) 0%, var(--bp-forest) 100%);\n  border-radius: var(--bp-radius-card);\n  padding: var(--bp-s-6) var(--bp-s-5) var(--bp-s-5);\n  box-shadow: var(--bp-shadow); margin-block: var(--bp-s-5) 0;\n  position: relative; overflow: hidden;\n}\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-numcard::after {\n  content: \"\"; position: absolute; right: -70px; top: -70px; width: 240px; height: 240px;\n  border-radius: 50%; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.05); pointer-events: none;\n}\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-numcard .wp-block-columns {\n  position: relative; z-index: 1; gap: var(--bp-s-5); margin-block: 0; }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-numcard .wp-block-column { min-width: 0; }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-num-v { font-size: 44px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.12;\n  color: var(--bp-lime); text-align: center; margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-2); }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-num-l { font-size: var(--bp-fs-small); line-height: 1.5;\n  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.92); text-align: center; margin-block: 0; }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-numsrc { margin-block: var(--bp-s-5) 0; }\n\n\/* --- the proof slot: a dashed card until a consented quote exists. The quote\n       inside loses its own vertical margins, otherwise the card is one full\n       block of spacing taller than the approved page. --------------------- *\/\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-testimonial {\n  border: 1px dashed var(--bp-sand); border-left: 5px dashed var(--bp-sand);\n  background: var(--bp-white); border-radius: var(--bp-radius-card);\n  padding: var(--bp-s-5); margin-block: var(--bp-s-5);\n}\n\/* the card IS the quote frame, so the quote inside it carries no rule and no\n   indent of its own; otherwise the copy is indented twice and wraps early *\/\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-testimonial .wp-block-quote {\n  border: 0; padding: 0; margin-block: 0; }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-testimonial .wp-block-quote p {\n  font-size: 17px; font-weight: 500; color: var(--bp-foot); }\n\n\/* --- steps, footnotes, disclosure ------------------------------------------- *\/\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-steps {\n  max-width: 520px; margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-5); margin-inline: auto;\n  padding-left: 0; list-style: none; counter-reset: bpstep; text-align: left;\n}\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-steps li { position: relative; padding-left: 40px;\n  margin-block-end: var(--bp-s-3); counter-increment: bpstep; }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-steps li::before {\n  content: counter(bpstep); position: absolute; left: 0; top: 4px;\n  width: 26px; height: 26px; border-radius: 50%;\n  background: var(--bp-forest); color: var(--bp-white);\n  font-size: var(--bp-fs-small); font-weight: 700;\n  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; line-height: 1;\n}\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-foot { font-size: var(--bp-fs-foot); color: var(--bp-foot); line-height: 1.6; }\n.bp-adv-sec--dark .bp-adv-foot { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.82); }\n\/* Jesse's mandatory CTA subtext, 2026-07-30 15:59: directly under the button,\n   one notch above the microline in weight so it reads as part of the ask *\/\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-ctasub {\n  margin-block: calc(var(--bp-s-4) * -0.5) var(--bp-s-2); margin-inline: auto;\n  max-width: 460px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5; font-weight: 600;\n  color: var(--bp-teal); text-align: center;\n}\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-disclosure { font-size: var(--bp-fs-foot); color: var(--bp-foot);\n  line-height: 1.6; }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-sources { margin-block-start: var(--bp-s-5); }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-srclist { font-size: var(--bp-fs-foot); color: var(--bp-foot);\n  line-height: 1.6; padding-left: 20px; margin-block: 0; }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-srclist li { margin-block-end: var(--bp-s-1); }\n.bp-adv .bp-h--center { text-align: center; }\n\n@media (max-width: 767px) {\n  .bp-adv {\n    --bp-fs-h1: 30px; --bp-fs-h2: 24px; --bp-fs-h3: 20px; --bp-fs-body: 16px;\n    --bp-fs-btn: 16px; --bp-fs-pre: 14px; --bp-side: 20px;\n    --bp-s-8: 44px; --bp-s-7: 32px;\n  }\n  .bp-adv .bp-adv-subheadline { font-size: 18px; }\n  .bp-adv .bp-adv-standfirst { font-size: 17px; }\n  .bp-adv .bp-adv-lede { font-size: 16px; }\n  .bp-adv .wp-block-pullquote p, .bp-adv .wp-block-quote p { font-size: 20px; }\n  .bp-adv h2 { padding: var(--bp-s-3) var(--bp-s-4); }\n  .bp-adv .bp-adv-num-v { font-size: 36px; }\n  .bp-adv .bp-adv-authors { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: var(--bp-s-5); }\n  \/* the button is full width on mobile. 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Lees wat een te lage of te hoge waarde kan betekenen, wat je waarde beinvloedt en welke waarden je er het beste naast legt.\",\"inLanguage\":\"nl-NL\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-30\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bioprofile.com\/biomarkers\/hemoglobine\/\"},\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bioprofile.com\/biomarkers\/hemoglobine\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bioprofile.com\/#organization\"},\"about\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bioprofile.com\/biomarkers\/hemoglobine\/#biomarker\"},\"citation\":[{\"@type\":\"CreativeWork\",\"name\":\"Zakai NA, Katz R, Hirsch C, et al. A prospective study of anemia status, hemoglobin concentration, and mortality in an elderly cohort: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165(19):2214-20.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16246985\/\"},{\"@type\":\"CreativeWork\",\"name\":\"MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Hemoglobin Test. 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Lijst van 24 september 2026.\"},{\"@type\":\"CreativeWork\",\"name\":\"BioProfile, de pakketten van het bloedonderzoek en de waarden in elk pakket.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bioprofile.com\/bloedonderzoek\/\"}]},{\"@type\":\"MedicalTest\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bioprofile.com\/biomarkers\/hemoglobine\/#biomarker\",\"name\":\"Hemoglobine\",\"alternateName\":[\"Hemoglobin\"]}]}<\/script>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-group bp-adv bp-biomarker bp-biomarker--page is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity bp-adv-rule\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group bp-adv-sec bp-adv-sec--hero is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"bp-bm-crumbs wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bioprofile.com\/en\/\">Home<\/a> \u203a <a href=\"https:\/\/bioprofile.com\/en\/biomarkers\/\">Biomarkers<\/a> \u203a <span>Hemoglobin<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading bp-adv-h1\">Hemoglobin (Hb): what your value tells you<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"bp-adv-standfirst wp-block-paragraph\">In a prospective study among community dwelling men and women aged 65 and over, 8.5% had anaemia by the criteria of the World Health Organization.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"bp-adv-lede wp-block-paragraph\">On this page you can read what haemoglobin is, what the guidelines say about a value that is too low or too high, what influences your value and which values you are best off reading alongside it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"bp-bm-names wp-block-paragraph\">Also known as: Hb, Hgb, H&amp;H. At the lab: KBB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"bp-adv-byline wp-block-paragraph\">Updated 30 September 2026<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group bp-adv-sec bp-adv-sec--wash is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group bp-bm-toc is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bp-inhoud\">On this page<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n\n<li><a href=\"#bp-in-het-kort\">In short<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#bp-wat-is-hemoglobine\">What is hemoglobin?<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#bp-waarom-het-ertoe-doet\">Why this value matters<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#bp-wat-je-waarde-zegt\">What your hemoglobin value tells you<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#bp-wat-het-beinvloedt\">What affects your hemoglobin<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#bp-welke-pakketten\">Which BioProfile packages measure hemoglobin<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#bp-waarden-die-erbij-horen\">Related values<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#bp-hoe-gemaakt\">How this page was made<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#bp-bronnen\">Sources<\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group bp-adv-sec is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bp-in-het-kort\">In short<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n\n<li>Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein in your red blood cells that carries oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n<li>The test is often used to look at anaemia, where your body does not make enough healthy red blood cells.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n<li>A low value can point to anaemia, iron deficiency or blood loss; a high value can point to a disease of the lungs or a heart condition.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n<li>In older people, both lower and higher hemoglobin values were linked to a higher death rate.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/li>\n\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group bp-adv-sec bp-adv-sec--wash is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bp-wat-is-hemoglobine\">What is haemoglobin?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein in your red blood cells. It carries oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body. Your cells need that oxygen to grow, to multiply and to make energy. Other names for this value are Hb, Hgb and H&amp;H.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A hemoglobin test measures how much hemoglobin there is in your blood. Your value gives information about the health of your red blood cells. If the value is abnormal, that can point to a blood condition. The value is usually measured as part of the blood count, a group of tests that measures the number and the type of cells in your blood.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A hemoglobin test is not the same as a hemoglobin A1C test. That A1C test is used to look at your average blood glucose, in other words your blood sugar. For the hemoglobin test itself you do not need to prepare in any special way. If the doctor has ordered other blood tests as well, you may need to go without food for a few hours.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group bp-adv-sec is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bp-waarom-het-ertoe-doet\">Why this value matters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With anaemia, the cells in your body do not get all the oxygen they need. Symptoms that go with anaemia are weakness, dizziness and cold hands and feet. That is why a doctor looks at your hemoglobin when you have symptoms like these.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A doctor may order the test at a routine check-up. Other reasons are an inherited blood condition in the family, a diet low in iron and other minerals, or heavy blood loss from a wound or an operation. The test is also used to follow how a value develops during care for anaemia.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Cardiovascular Health Study followed 5,888 community dwelling men and women aged 65 and over, with 11.2 years of follow-up. Both lower and higher haemoglobin values and anaemia by the criteria of the World Health Organization were independently linked there to a higher mortality. Correcting for kidney function, inflammation or frailty did not make that link smaller.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The test cannot say what an abnormal value comes from. It does help the doctor work out how serious the situation may be. To read your result, the doctor also looks at your symptoms, your history and the results of other blood tests.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group bp-adv-sec bp-adv-sec--wash is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bp-wat-je-waarde-zegt\">What your haemoglobin value tells you<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The lab's reference range<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The laboratory BioProfile works with, Labplusarts, uses a reference value for haemoglobin (KBB) of 8.3 to 10.7 mmol\/l. A value between those limits is what the lab calls normal.<sup>[3]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The cut-off values from the Cardiovascular Health Study<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table bp-bm-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Value<\/th><th>What it can mean<\/th><th>Who it is for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Lower than 13 g\/dl<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/td><td>Anaemia according to the criteria of the World Health Organization; in the study, linked to a higher death rate<\/td><td>Men aged 65 and over in the study<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lower than 12 g\/dl<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/td><td>Anaemia according to the criteria of the World Health Organization; in the study, linked to a higher death rate<\/td><td>Women aged 65 and over in the study<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lower than 13.7 g\/dl<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/td><td>Lowest fifth of the values; in the study this went together with a higher mortality than the fourth group<\/td><td>Men aged 65 and over in the study<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lower than 12.6 g\/dl<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/td><td>Lowest fifth of the values; in the study this went together with a higher mortality than the fourth group<\/td><td>Women aged 65 and over in the study<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Highest fifth of the values<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/td><td>In the study this went together with a higher mortality than the fourth group<\/td><td>Men and women aged 65 and over in the study<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"bp-bm-caption wp-block-paragraph\">Cut-off values from the Cardiovascular Health Study, a prospective study of 5,888 community-dwelling men and women aged 65 and over in the United States, with 11.2 years of follow-up. The cut-offs hold for that group, not as a general standard.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hemoglobin too low<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A low hemoglobin value can point to various forms of anaemia, to an inherited blood condition, to iron deficiency, to a condition of the liver or to other conditions. Blood loss from a wound, from a heavy period or from something else can lower your value too. A shortage of certain nutrients, such as iron or vitamin B-12, can play a part as well.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hemoglobin too high<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A high hemoglobin value can point to a disease of the lungs, to a heart condition, to a bone marrow condition in which the marrow makes too many red blood cells, or to a condition in which you keep stopping breathing during sleep. Living at high altitude can give a high value too. So a value outside the range does not always mean there is a condition.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BioProfile is working on its own zones for each value, from risk to optimal. A doctor reviews those zones before they appear in your result.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group bp-adv-sec is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bp-wat-het-beinvloedt\">What influences your haemoglobin<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Food<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What you eat can influence your result. A diet low in iron and other minerals is a reason for a doctor to have your haemoglobin measured. A shortage of iron or of vitamin B-12 can go together with a low value.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Medicines and fluid<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Certain medicines can affect your result. Dehydration can change your value too. So tell the doctor which medicines you take.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Altitude, smoking and exercise<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Living at high altitude can give a high haemoglobin value, even when nothing is wrong. Smoking can influence your result. How much you move plays a part as well.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Who you are and where you measure<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The reference range can differ from one laboratory to another and with age, background and sex. Certain genetic conditions can affect your result too. So compare your value with the range of the lab that looked at your blood.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group bp-adv-sec bp-adv-sec--wash is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bp-welke-pakketten\">Which BioProfile packages measure haemoglobin<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hemoglobin is in all five packages, from BioProfile 31 to BioProfile 150.<sup>[4]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-3e41869c wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bioprofile.com\/en\/blood-testing\/\">View the packages<\/a><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group bp-adv-sec is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bp-waarden-die-erbij-horen\">Values that go with it<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list bp-bm-related\">\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/bioprofile.com\/en\/biomarkers\/ferritin\/\">Ferritin<\/a>: makes the link with iron, because an iron deficiency can point to the cause of a low hemoglobin value.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/bioprofile.com\/en\/biomarkers\/white-blood-cells\/\">White blood cells<\/a>: part of the blood count, the group of tests that measures the number and the type of cells in your blood.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Red blood cells<\/strong>: these are your red blood cells, the cells that hold hemoglobin; your hemoglobin value tells you something about the health of those cells.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Platelets<\/strong>: are measured in the blood count just like hemoglobin, the group of tests that maps out the cells in your blood.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Hematocrit<\/strong>: comes from the same blood count and, like hemoglobin, is about your red blood cells.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/li>\n\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group bp-adv-sec bp-adv-sec--wash is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bp-hoe-gemaakt\">How this page was made<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The BioProfile editorial team wrote this page on 30 September 2026 from the sources below, which we read on 30 September 2026. Every number on this page appears in one of those sources, with the number of that source next to it. An expert still has to review this page; after that review, the name of that expert and the date of the review appear at the top. This page gives an explanation, not a diagnosis. Discuss an abnormal value with your GP.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group bp-adv-sec bp-adv-sec--disclosure is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bp-bronnen\">Sources<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list bp-adv-srclist bp-bm-src\">\n\n<li>Zakai NA, Katz R, Hirsch C, et al. A prospective study of anemia status, hemoglobin concentration, and mortality in an elderly cohort: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165(19):2214-20. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16246985\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16246985\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li>MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Hemoglobin Test. Accessed on 30 September 2026. <a href=\"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/lab-tests\/hemoglobin-test\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/lab-tests\/hemoglobin-test\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li>Labplusarts, the laboratory BioProfile works with: reference value for the haemoglobin (KBB) test, 8.3 to 10.7 mmol\/l. List of 24 September 2026.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>BioProfile, the blood test packages and the values in each package. <a href=\"https:\/\/bioprofile.com\/en\/blood-testing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/bioprofile.com\/en\/blood-testing\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/ol>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/section>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Home \u203a Biomarkers \u203a Hemoglobin Hemoglobin (Hb): what your value tells you In a prospective study among community dwelling men and women aged 65 and over, 8.5% had anaemia by the criteria of the World Health Organization.[1] On this page you can read what haemoglobin is, what the guidelines say about a value that is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"parent":6592,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Hemoglobin (Hb): what your value tells you | BioProfile","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"What is hemoglobin? 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