{"id":9938,"date":"2026-10-09T15:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-09T15:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bioprofile.com\/?page_id=9938"},"modified":"2026-10-09T15:19:49","modified_gmt":"2026-10-09T15:19:49","slug":"urea","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/bioprofile.com\/en\/biomarkers\/urea\/","title":{"rendered":"Urea"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"content\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/div>\n<style>@import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Poppins:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;0,800;1,400&display=swap');\n\/* ===========================================================================\n   BioProfile advertorial, the design Jesse approved on 2026-07-30, expressed\n   as a WordPress design system.\n\n   THE @import IS LOAD BEARING and must stay the first thing in this sheet (a\n   CSS @import after any rule is dropped by the parser). elementor_canvas does\n   not enqueue the theme's fonts, so without it the whole page falls back to the\n   system font. Caught by LOOKING at the live page on 2026-07-30, right after\n   the template was switched to canvas.\n\n   Everything is scoped to `.bp-adv`, so nothing here can reach the rest of\n   bioprofile.com, and core blocks are styled BY ELEMENT so a heading, a\n   paragraph, a quote, a list, an image or a button inserted by hand inside the\n   advertorial comes out on-design with no class to remember.\n\n   Jesse's design feedback, 2026-07-29 23:38, point by point:\n   1. the light green and the dark green are the preferred colours; grey may be\n      used but the page must NOT open grey;\n   2. more colour and variation across sections, e.g. a colour block on the left\n      or the right side of a section, without overdesign;\n   3. ONE H1, plain text on white; everything else H2 or H3; an H2 may carry its\n      own background colour so the page can be read from the headings alone; an\n      H3 keeps its section background and gets a bigger font size;\n   4. reuse the results page design feel;\n   5. Written by \/ Verified by, the placeholder blocks and noindex stay.\n\n   COLOUR PROVENANCE. Not one hex is invented.\n   - #b7cb32  LIGHT GREEN, brand manual \"colours rejuvenation protocol\"\n              (R183 G203 B51). Same value as --bp-lime in\n              brands\/bioprofile\/brand\/tokens.md.\n   - #006b62  DARK GREEN, brand manual, nourish the cells (R0 G107 B98).\n   - #005859  brand manual primary teal, the value the brand is built on.\n   - #228a62  brand manual, challenge the body (R34 G138 B98).\n   - #7ca64c  brand manual, calm the mind (R124 G166 B76).\n   - #dbd4cd  brand manual \"additional color\", the warm neutral.\n   - #B7CB3329 is the brand token --bp-lime-soft (light green at 16 percent).\n   - the gradients are the brand token layer's own, copied verbatim.\n\n   SPECIFICITY NOTE. Elementor's global kit emits `.elementor-kit-6 h2` style\n   rules at (0,1,1). Element rules below are written `.bp-adv h2`, also (0,1,1),\n   and win on source order because this sheet is inline in the body while the\n   kit is a <link> in the head. Component rules that MUST NOT lose carry two\n   classes, e.g. `.bp-adv .wp-block-button__link`.\n\n   LAYOUT NOTE. Vertical rhythm uses `margin-block` and never the `margin`\n   shorthand, so the measure rule `.bp-adv-sec > * { margin-inline: auto }` can\n   centre a block without being outranked by its own element rule.\n   =========================================================================== *\/\n\n.bp-adv {\n  --bp-ink: #212527;\n  --bp-teal: #005859;\n  --bp-forest: #006B62;\n  --bp-emerald: #228A62;\n  --bp-olive: #7CA64C;\n  --bp-lime: #B7CB33;\n  --bp-lime-soft: #B7CB3329;\n  --bp-sand: #DBD4CB;\n  --bp-white: #FFFFFF;\n  --bp-foot: #6b6b6b;\n  --bp-grad-dark: linear-gradient(237deg, rgba(0,88,89,0.00) 62.94%, #005859 100%), linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(34,138,98,0.00) 40%, #228A62 100%), #006B62;\n  --bp-grad-lime: linear-gradient(110deg, rgba(183,203,51,0.00) 36.06%, rgba(183,203,51,0.25) 97.65%), #FFFFFF;\n  --bp-font: 'Poppins','Segoe UI',Arial,sans-serif;\n  --bp-fs-h1: 44px; --bp-fs-h2: 31px; --bp-fs-h3: 24px; --bp-fs-pre: 15px;\n  --bp-fs-body: 17px; --bp-fs-small: 14px; --bp-fs-foot: 13px; --bp-fs-btn: 17px;\n  --bp-lh-body: 1.75;\n  --bp-s-1: 4px; --bp-s-2: 8px; --bp-s-3: 12px; --bp-s-4: 16px;\n  --bp-s-5: 24px; --bp-s-6: 32px; --bp-s-7: 44px; --bp-s-8: 72px;\n  --bp-measure: 760px; --bp-side: 40px;\n  --bp-radius-photo: 16px; --bp-radius-btn: 10px; --bp-radius-card: 20px;\n  --bp-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0,88,89,0.10);\n  font-family: var(--bp-font);\n  font-size: var(--bp-fs-body);\n  line-height: var(--bp-lh-body);\n  color: var(--bp-ink);\n  background: var(--bp-white);\n  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;\n}\n.bp-adv, .bp-adv * { box-sizing: border-box; }\n.bp-adv p, .bp-adv li, .bp-adv h1, .bp-adv h2, .bp-adv h3, .bp-adv blockquote,\n.bp-adv a, .bp-adv cite, .bp-adv span { overflow-wrap: break-word; min-width: 0; }\n\n\/* THE TOGGLE. One word in the block's own \"Additional CSS class(es)\" field\n   hides an optional component on the front end without deleting anything. *\/\n.bp-adv .bp-off { display: none !important; }\n\n\/* the page opens on green, never on grey (his point 1) *\/\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-rule {\n  height: 6px; border: 0; margin-block: 0; max-width: none;\n  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #005859 0%, #006B62 38%, #228A62 66%, #B7CB33 100%);\n}\n\n\/* --- section surfaces ------------------------------------------------------ *\/\n.bp-adv-sec { position: relative; background: var(--bp-white);\n  padding: var(--bp-s-8) var(--bp-side); margin-block: 0; }\n\/* the measure: every direct child of a section is the 760px text column *\/\n.bp-adv-sec > * { max-width: var(--bp-measure); margin-inline: auto; }\n.bp-adv-sec > *:last-child { margin-block-end: 0; }\n.bp-adv-sec--wash  { background: linear-gradient(180deg, #B7CB331F 0%, #B7CB3312 100%), #FFFFFF; }\n.bp-adv-sec--dark  { background: var(--bp-grad-dark); color: var(--bp-white); }\n.bp-adv-sec--dark p, .bp-adv-sec--dark cite, .bp-adv-sec--dark li { color: var(--bp-white); }\n.bp-adv-sec--offer { background: var(--bp-grad-lime); text-align: center; }\n.bp-adv-sec--hero  { padding-block-start: var(--bp-s-6); }\n.bp-adv-sec--disclosure { padding-block: var(--bp-s-6);\n  border-top: 1px solid var(--bp-sand); }\n\n\/* --- the side accent bar, his own example (\"a colour block on the left or the\n       right side of a section\"), design rev 3: a slim vertical bar hugging the\n       text column rather than a wide margin panel. Below 1100px the margin is\n       gone, so it becomes a slim top edge. ---------------------------------- *\/\n.bp-adv-rail { overflow: hidden; }\n.bp-adv-rail::before {\n  content: \"\"; position: absolute; top: var(--bp-s-7); bottom: var(--bp-s-7);\n  width: 6px; border-radius: 3px;\n  background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--bp-forest) 0%, var(--bp-lime) 100%);\n}\n.bp-adv-rail--left::before  { left: calc((100% - var(--bp-measure)) \/ 2 - 34px); }\n.bp-adv-rail--right::before { right: calc((100% - var(--bp-measure)) \/ 2 - 34px); }\n@media (max-width: 1099px) {\n  .bp-adv-rail::before { left: 0; right: 0; width: auto; bottom: auto; top: 0;\n    height: 4px; border-radius: 0; background: var(--bp-lime); }\n}\n\n\/* --- CORE BLOCKS, styled by element. This is the part that makes an inserted\n       block come out on-design with no class. --------------------------------- *\/\n.bp-adv p { font-size: var(--bp-fs-body); line-height: var(--bp-lh-body);\n  margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-5); }\n.bp-adv h1 { font-size: var(--bp-fs-h1); font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.22;\n  margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-4); }\n\/* an H2 is its own colour band, so the page can be read from the headings\n   alone (his point 3). Dark green on light sections, light green on the dark\n   one, so a heading always wins against its own background. *\/\n.bp-adv h2 {\n  font-size: var(--bp-fs-h2); font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.28;\n  margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-5);\n  background: var(--bp-grad-dark); color: var(--bp-white);\n  padding: var(--bp-s-4) var(--bp-s-5);\n  border-radius: var(--bp-radius-btn);\n  border-left: 6px solid var(--bp-lime);\n}\n.bp-adv-sec--dark h2 { background: var(--bp-lime); color: var(--bp-ink);\n  border-left-color: var(--bp-forest); }\n\/* H3: same background as its section, bigger font (his point 3, verbatim) *\/\n.bp-adv h3 { font-size: var(--bp-fs-h3); font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.35;\n  color: var(--bp-forest); background: transparent; margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-3); }\n.bp-adv-sec--dark h3 { color: var(--bp-lime); }\n.bp-adv ul, .bp-adv ol { font-size: var(--bp-fs-body); line-height: var(--bp-lh-body);\n  margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-5); padding-left: var(--bp-s-5); }\n.bp-adv li { margin-block-end: var(--bp-s-2); }\n.bp-adv a { color: var(--bp-teal); text-decoration: underline; }\n.bp-adv a:hover { color: var(--bp-olive); }\n.bp-adv-sec--dark a, .bp-adv-sec--dark strong { color: var(--bp-lime); }\n.bp-adv strong { font-weight: 700; }\n\/* the highlight pill. Colours ride on the inline style core writes, so only\n   the shape lives here and any <mark> in the article picks it up. *\/\n.bp-adv mark {\n  padding: 0 10px; border-radius: 10px; display: inline;\n  -webkit-box-decoration-break: clone; box-decoration-break: clone;\n}\n\/* figures match the approved page exactly: card radius plus the soft shadow,\n   and a left-aligned caption rather than core's centred one *\/\n.bp-adv .wp-block-image { margin-block: var(--bp-s-5); margin-inline: auto; }\n.bp-adv .wp-block-image img { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto;\n  border-radius: var(--bp-radius-card); box-shadow: var(--bp-shadow); }\n.bp-adv .wp-block-image figcaption { font-size: var(--bp-fs-foot); line-height: 1.55;\n  color: var(--bp-foot); text-align: left; margin-block: var(--bp-s-2) 0; }\n.bp-adv .wp-block-embed, .bp-adv .wp-block-video { margin-block: var(--bp-s-5); }\n.bp-adv .wp-block-embed iframe, .bp-adv .wp-block-video video {\n  width: 100%; border-radius: var(--bp-radius-photo); }\n.bp-adv .wp-block-separator:not(.bp-adv-rule) { border: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--bp-sand);\n  margin-block: var(--bp-s-5); }\n\n\/* quotes: core pullquote and core quote both land on the lime rule. The\n   font-size reset undoes core's own 1.5em on the figure, which would otherwise\n   leak into anything inside the quote that has no size of its own. *\/\n\/* margin-inline is load bearing, and it must be `auto` rather than `0`.\n   `blockquote` and `figure` carry a 40px side margin in the browser's own\n   default stylesheet, which indents the quote inside its rule and makes the\n   copy wrap early on a phone. But these blocks are direct children of a\n   section, so zeroing the side margin also defeats the measure rule\n   `.bp-adv-sec > * { margin-inline: auto }` and pins them to the left edge. *\/\n.bp-adv .wp-block-pullquote, .bp-adv .wp-block-quote {\n  border: 0; border-left: 5px solid var(--bp-lime); background: transparent;\n  padding: var(--bp-s-2) 0 var(--bp-s-2) var(--bp-s-5);\n  margin-block: var(--bp-s-5); margin-inline: auto;\n  text-align: left; font-size: var(--bp-fs-body);\n}\n.bp-adv .wp-block-pullquote blockquote { border: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0; }\n.bp-adv .wp-block-pullquote p, .bp-adv .wp-block-quote p {\n  font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.45; font-weight: 600;\n  margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-2); color: var(--bp-forest); }\n.bp-adv .wp-block-pullquote cite, .bp-adv .wp-block-quote cite {\n  display: block; margin: 0; font-size: var(--bp-fs-small); color: var(--bp-foot);\n  font-style: normal; text-transform: none; }\n\n\/* buttons: two classes so core's own .wp-block-button__link cannot win *\/\n.bp-adv .wp-block-buttons { display: flex; justify-content: center;\n  margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-4); }\n.bp-adv .wp-block-button__link {\n  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; min-height: 48px;\n  background: var(--bp-teal); color: var(--bp-white); font-size: var(--bp-fs-btn);\n  font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.2; border-radius: var(--bp-radius-btn);\n  padding: 15px 44px; text-decoration: none; transition: background 250ms ease;\n  box-shadow: var(--bp-shadow);\n}\n.bp-adv .wp-block-button__link:hover { background: var(--bp-olive); color: var(--bp-white); }\n\n\/* --- slot 1: pre-headline, headline, sub-headline (Jesse's headline skill) --- *\/\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-preheadline {\n  color: var(--bp-forest); font-size: var(--bp-fs-pre); font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.5;\n  border-left: 4px solid var(--bp-lime); padding-left: var(--bp-s-3);\n  margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-4);\n}\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-subheadline { font-size: 21px; line-height: 1.5; font-weight: 600;\n  color: var(--bp-forest); margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-5); }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-standfirst { font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.65;\n  margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-5); }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-lede { font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.7;\n  margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-5); }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-byline { font-size: var(--bp-fs-small); color: var(--bp-foot);\n  line-height: 1.6; margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-5); }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-socialproof { font-size: var(--bp-fs-small); color: var(--bp-foot);\n  margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-5); }\n\/* the offer headline above the CTA. Jesse asked for a second H1 here; the brand\n   doc's accessibility rule is one h1 per page, so it is rendered at H1 size and\n   stays an h2 element. Named in the close as the one design conflict. *\/\n.bp-adv h2.bp-adv-offerhead {\n  font-size: var(--bp-fs-h1); font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.22;\n  margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-4); text-align: center; color: var(--bp-ink);\n  background: none; padding: 0; border: 0; border-radius: 0;\n}\n\n\/* --- Written by + Verified by. The avatar is the first child and spans the\n       three text rows, so the whole box is four ordinary paragraphs and stays\n       editable without nested columns. ---------------------------------------- *\/\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-authors {\n  background: var(--bp-white); border: 1px solid var(--bp-sand);\n  border-top: 4px solid var(--bp-lime); border-radius: var(--bp-radius-card);\n  box-shadow: var(--bp-shadow); padding: var(--bp-s-5);\n  margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-4);\n  \/* auto-fit, so switching the verified box off leaves one full-width author\n     rather than a half-empty card *\/\n  display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));\n  gap: var(--bp-s-5); align-items: start;\n}\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-author {\n  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 62px 1fr; gap: 0 var(--bp-s-3);\n  align-items: start; min-width: 0;\n}\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-avatar {\n  grid-row: 1 \/ span 3; width: 62px; height: 62px; border-radius: 50%;\n  background: #B7CB331F; border: 2px dashed var(--bp-olive);\n  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;\n  font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.06em; color: var(--bp-forest);\n  margin-block: 0;\n}\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-author.is-placeholder .bp-adv-avatar {\n  border-color: var(--bp-sand); background: #fff; color: var(--bp-foot); }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-author-role {\n  font-size: 11px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase;\n  color: var(--bp-forest); line-height: 1.6; margin-block: 0; }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-author.is-placeholder .bp-adv-author-role { color: var(--bp-foot); }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-author-name { font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.35;\n  margin-block: 0; }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-author-cred { font-size: var(--bp-fs-foot); color: var(--bp-foot);\n  line-height: 1.55; margin-block: 0; }\n\/* the optional wrapper must not break the two-column grid of the box *\/\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-authors > .bp-optional { display: contents; }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-authors > .bp-optional.bp-off { display: none !important; }\n\n\/* --- placeholders: image slot, video slot ---------------------------------- *\/\n.bp-adv .bp-slot {\n  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; text-align: center;\n  min-height: 180px; padding: var(--bp-s-4); margin-block: var(--bp-s-5) 0;\n  border: 2px dashed var(--bp-olive); border-radius: var(--bp-radius-photo);\n  background: #B7CB331F; color: var(--bp-forest);\n}\n.bp-adv .bp-slot p { font-size: var(--bp-fs-small); font-weight: 700; margin-block: 0; }\n.bp-adv .bp-slot--video { min-height: 260px; }\n\n\/* --- mid-article CTA band --------------------------------------------------- *\/\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-midcta {\n  background: var(--bp-grad-lime); border: 1px solid var(--bp-lime);\n  border-radius: var(--bp-radius-card); padding: var(--bp-s-5) var(--bp-s-4);\n  margin-block: var(--bp-s-6); text-align: center;\n}\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-midcta .wp-block-buttons { margin-block-end: var(--bp-s-2); }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-midcta .bp-adv-foot { margin-block: 0; }\n\n\/* the closing CTA is one named unit in List View, so it moves and toggles as a\n   whole. It carries no box of its own: the spacing must read exactly as it does\n   on the approved page, where the three parts are plain siblings. *\/\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-ctablock { margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-5); }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-ctablock .wp-block-buttons { margin-block-end: var(--bp-s-4); }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-ctablock .bp-adv-foot { margin-block: 0; }\n\n\/* --- the condition, slot 8: the results page reference-card shape ----------- *\/\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-condition {\n  background: var(--bp-white); border: 1px solid var(--bp-sand);\n  border-left: 5px solid var(--bp-lime); border-radius: var(--bp-radius-btn);\n  padding: var(--bp-s-4) var(--bp-s-5); font-weight: 600; box-shadow: var(--bp-shadow);\n}\n\n\/* --- the numbers card: the results page focus panel, same gradient, same\n       radius, same lime figures (\"use more of that design\") ------------------ *\/\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-numcard {\n  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--bp-teal) 0%, var(--bp-forest) 100%);\n  border-radius: var(--bp-radius-card);\n  padding: var(--bp-s-6) var(--bp-s-5) var(--bp-s-5);\n  box-shadow: var(--bp-shadow); margin-block: var(--bp-s-5) 0;\n  position: relative; overflow: hidden;\n}\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-numcard::after {\n  content: \"\"; position: absolute; right: -70px; top: -70px; width: 240px; height: 240px;\n  border-radius: 50%; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.05); pointer-events: none;\n}\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-numcard .wp-block-columns {\n  position: relative; z-index: 1; gap: var(--bp-s-5); margin-block: 0; }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-numcard .wp-block-column { min-width: 0; }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-num-v { font-size: 44px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.12;\n  color: var(--bp-lime); text-align: center; margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-2); }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-num-l { font-size: var(--bp-fs-small); line-height: 1.5;\n  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.92); text-align: center; margin-block: 0; }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-numsrc { margin-block: var(--bp-s-5) 0; }\n\n\/* --- the proof slot: a dashed card until a consented quote exists. The quote\n       inside loses its own vertical margins, otherwise the card is one full\n       block of spacing taller than the approved page. --------------------- *\/\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-testimonial {\n  border: 1px dashed var(--bp-sand); border-left: 5px dashed var(--bp-sand);\n  background: var(--bp-white); border-radius: var(--bp-radius-card);\n  padding: var(--bp-s-5); margin-block: var(--bp-s-5);\n}\n\/* the card IS the quote frame, so the quote inside it carries no rule and no\n   indent of its own; otherwise the copy is indented twice and wraps early *\/\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-testimonial .wp-block-quote {\n  border: 0; padding: 0; margin-block: 0; }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-testimonial .wp-block-quote p {\n  font-size: 17px; font-weight: 500; color: var(--bp-foot); }\n\n\/* --- steps, footnotes, disclosure ------------------------------------------- *\/\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-steps {\n  max-width: 520px; margin-block: 0 var(--bp-s-5); margin-inline: auto;\n  padding-left: 0; list-style: none; counter-reset: bpstep; text-align: left;\n}\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-steps li { position: relative; padding-left: 40px;\n  margin-block-end: var(--bp-s-3); counter-increment: bpstep; }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-steps li::before {\n  content: counter(bpstep); position: absolute; left: 0; top: 4px;\n  width: 26px; height: 26px; border-radius: 50%;\n  background: var(--bp-forest); color: var(--bp-white);\n  font-size: var(--bp-fs-small); font-weight: 700;\n  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; line-height: 1;\n}\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-foot { font-size: var(--bp-fs-foot); color: var(--bp-foot); line-height: 1.6; }\n.bp-adv-sec--dark .bp-adv-foot { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.82); }\n\/* Jesse's mandatory CTA subtext, 2026-07-30 15:59: directly under the button,\n   one notch above the microline in weight so it reads as part of the ask *\/\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-ctasub {\n  margin-block: calc(var(--bp-s-4) * -0.5) var(--bp-s-2); margin-inline: auto;\n  max-width: 460px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5; font-weight: 600;\n  color: var(--bp-teal); text-align: center;\n}\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-disclosure { font-size: var(--bp-fs-foot); color: var(--bp-foot);\n  line-height: 1.6; }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-sources { margin-block-start: var(--bp-s-5); }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-srclist { font-size: var(--bp-fs-foot); color: var(--bp-foot);\n  line-height: 1.6; padding-left: 20px; margin-block: 0; }\n.bp-adv .bp-adv-srclist li { margin-block-end: var(--bp-s-1); }\n.bp-adv .bp-h--center { text-align: center; }\n\n@media (max-width: 767px) {\n  .bp-adv {\n    --bp-fs-h1: 30px; --bp-fs-h2: 24px; --bp-fs-h3: 20px; --bp-fs-body: 16px;\n    --bp-fs-btn: 16px; --bp-fs-pre: 14px; --bp-side: 20px;\n    --bp-s-8: 44px; --bp-s-7: 32px;\n  }\n  .bp-adv .bp-adv-subheadline { font-size: 18px; }\n  .bp-adv .bp-adv-standfirst { font-size: 17px; }\n  .bp-adv .bp-adv-lede { font-size: 16px; }\n  .bp-adv .wp-block-pullquote p, .bp-adv .wp-block-quote p { font-size: 20px; }\n  .bp-adv h2 { padding: var(--bp-s-3) var(--bp-s-4); }\n  .bp-adv .bp-adv-num-v { font-size: 36px; }\n  .bp-adv .bp-adv-authors { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: var(--bp-s-5); }\n  \/* the button is full width on mobile. 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Helder uitgelegd, met bronnen.\",\"inLanguage\":\"nl-NL\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-07\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bioprofile.com\/biomarkers\/ureum\/\"},\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bioprofile.com\/biomarkers\/ureum\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bioprofile.com\/#organization\"},\"about\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bioprofile.com\/biomarkers\/ureum\/#biomarker\"},\"citation\":[{\"@type\":\"CreativeWork\",\"name\":\"MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine. BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen). Geraadpleegd op 7 oktober 2026.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/lab-tests\/bun-blood-urea-nitrogen\/\"},{\"@type\":\"CreativeWork\",\"name\":\"Labplusarts, het laboratorium waarmee BioProfile werkt: referentiewaarde bij de bepaling ureum (HST), 2,77 tot 8,1 mmol\/l. Lijst van 24 september 2026.\"},{\"@type\":\"CreativeWork\",\"name\":\"BioProfile, de pakketten van het bloedonderzoek en de waarden in elk pakket.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bioprofile.com\/bloedonderzoek\/\"}]},{\"@type\":\"MedicalTest\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bioprofile.com\/biomarkers\/ureum\/#biomarker\",\"name\":\"Ureum\",\"alternateName\":[\"Urea\"]}]}<\/script>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-group bp-adv bp-biomarker bp-biomarker--page is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity bp-adv-rule\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group bp-adv-sec bp-adv-sec--hero is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<p class=\"bp-bm-crumbs wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bioprofile.com\/en\/\">Home<\/a> \u203a <a href=\"https:\/\/bioprofile.com\/en\/biomarkers\/\">Biomarkers<\/a> \u203a <span>Urea<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading bp-adv-h1\">Urea: what your level tells you about your kidneys<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"bp-adv-standfirst wp-block-paragraph\">Are you over 60? MedlinePlus names that as a reason to have your kidneys checked. Early kidney disease usually causes no symptoms, and a urea test can bring a problem like that to light early.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"bp-adv-lede wp-block-paragraph\">On this page you can read what urea is, what the guidelines say about a level that is too low or too high, what affects your level and which values are best to set beside it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"bp-bm-names wp-block-paragraph\">Also known as: urea, urea nitrogen, blood urea nitrogen (BUN). At the lab: HST.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"bp-adv-byline wp-block-paragraph\">Updated on 7 October 2026<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group bp-adv-sec bp-adv-sec--wash is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group bp-bm-toc is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bp-inhoud\">On this page<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n\n<li><a href=\"#bp-in-het-kort\">In short<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#bp-wat-is-ureum\">What is urea?<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#bp-waarom-het-ertoe-doet\">Why urea matters<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#bp-wat-je-waarde-zegt\">What your urea level tells you<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#bp-wat-het-beinvloedt\">What affects your urea<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#bp-welke-pakketten\">Which BioProfile packages measure urea<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#bp-waarden-die-erbij-horen\">Related values<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#bp-hoe-gemaakt\">How this page was made<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#bp-bronnen\">Sources<\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group bp-adv-sec is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bp-in-het-kort\">In short<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n\n<li>Urea is a waste product that forms when your body breaks down proteins, and your kidneys remove it in your urine.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n<li>A higher level than normal can point to kidneys that are not working as well.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n<li>A lower level can point to too little protein in your diet, malnutrition or a liver condition.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n<li>Urea is only one measure of how your kidneys work, so your doctor may set creatinine and eGFR beside it.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/li>\n\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group bp-adv-sec bp-adv-sec--wash is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bp-wat-is-ureum\">What is urea?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Urea is a waste product. It forms when your body breaks down proteins. Your blood carries it to your kidneys, and they remove it when you pass urine.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A small amount of urea in your blood is normal. The test is often part of a wider set of blood tests for your metabolism. You may also come across it as a blood urea nitrogen test or BUN.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group bp-adv-sec is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bp-waarom-het-ertoe-doet\">Why urea matters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If your kidneys are not working as well as they should, urea can build up in your blood. According to MedlinePlus, this can lead to serious health problems, including anaemia and problems with the heart and blood pressure.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Early kidney disease often causes no symptoms. That is why a doctor may have your urea measured during a routine check-up, or to follow how a level changes while your kidneys are being cared for.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">MedlinePlus also names reasons to have your kidneys checked: kidney problems in the family, a heart condition, problems with blood sugar or blood pressure, being over 60 and smoking.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Your doctor may also measure urea if you have symptoms such as passing urine often or very little, itching, tiredness, swelling in your arms, legs or feet, muscle cramps and poor sleep.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group bp-adv-sec bp-adv-sec--wash is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bp-wat-je-waarde-zegt\">What your urea level tells you<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The lab's reference range<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Labplusarts, the lab BioProfile works with, uses a reference range of 2.77 to 8.1 mmol\/l for urea (HST). The lab calls a level between those limits normal.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Labplusarts range<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table bp-bm-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Value<\/th><th>What the lab says<\/th><th>Who it is for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>2.77 to 8.1 mmol\/l<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/td><td>Normal according to the lab<\/td><td>The lab does not name a separate group<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"bp-bm-caption wp-block-paragraph\">Source: Labplusarts, the lab BioProfile works with. Reference range for urea (HST) at this lab.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Urea too low<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A level below normal can point to too little protein in your diet, malnutrition or a liver condition. What your result means is something to discuss with your doctor.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Urea too high<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A level above normal can point to kidneys that are not working as well. Other possible reasons are too little fluid in your body, burns, certain medicines, a high-protein diet or a recent acute heart problem. An abnormal result does not always point to something that needs care.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BioProfile is working on its own zones for each value, from risk to optimal. A doctor reviews those zones before they appear in your result.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group bp-adv-sec is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bp-wat-het-beinvloedt\">What affects your urea<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Food<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you eat a lot of protein, your urea may come out higher. If you get too little protein, it may come out lower.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fluid<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you have too little fluid in your body, your urea can rise.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Medicines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Certain medicines can raise your urea. If you take any medicines, tell your doctor when you discuss your result.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Age and sex<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Urea can differ between men and women. It usually rises with age.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group bp-adv-sec bp-adv-sec--wash is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bp-welke-pakketten\">Which BioProfile packages measure urea<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Urea is included in BioProfile 77, 98, 121 and 150.<sup>[3]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-3e41869c wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bioprofile.com\/en\/blood-testing\/\">View the packages<\/a><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group bp-adv-sec is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bp-waarden-die-erbij-horen\">Values that go with it<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list bp-bm-related\">\n\n<li><strong>eGFR<\/strong>: gives an estimate of how well your kidneys filter your blood.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Creatinine<\/strong>: another waste product your kidneys remove from your body, so you look at how your kidneys work from two sides.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Urine protein<\/strong>: a value from your urine to set beside urea, because urea is only one measure of how your kidneys work.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Urine occult blood<\/strong>: an extra measurement from your urine, because urea on its own gives only one view of how your kidneys work.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Urine leukocytes<\/strong>: another value from your urine that you can set beside urea, because urea is only one measure of how your kidneys work.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/li>\n\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group bp-adv-sec bp-adv-sec--wash is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bp-hoe-gemaakt\">How this page was made<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The BioProfile editorial team wrote this page on 7 October 2026 from the sources below, which we read on 7 October 2026. Every number on this page appears in one of those sources, with that source's number next to it. An expert has yet to check this page; after that check, the expert's name and the date of the check will appear at the top. This page explains and does not give a diagnosis. Discuss an abnormal result with your GP.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group bp-adv-sec bp-adv-sec--disclosure is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bp-bronnen\">Sources<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list bp-adv-srclist bp-bm-src\">\n\n<li>MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine. BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen). Accessed 7 October 2026. <a href=\"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/lab-tests\/bun-blood-urea-nitrogen\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/lab-tests\/bun-blood-urea-nitrogen\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li>Labplusarts, the laboratory BioProfile works with: reference range for the urea (HST) test, 2.77 to 8.1 mmol\/l. List dated 24 September 2026.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>BioProfile, the blood test packages and the values in each package. <a href=\"https:\/\/bioprofile.com\/en\/blood-testing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/bioprofile.com\/en\/blood-testing\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/ol>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/section>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Home \u203a Biomarkers \u203a Urea Urea: what your level tells you about your kidneys Are you over 60? MedlinePlus names that as a reason to have your kidneys checked. Early kidney disease usually causes no symptoms, and a urea test can bring a problem like that to light early.[1] On this page you can read [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"parent":6592,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Urea in your blood: what your level tells you | BioProfile","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"What is urea, what can a low or high level point to and what affects your urea? 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